钛基人工骨种植体表面改性研究进展

钛及钛合金以其良好的生物相容性、合适的机械性能和物理特性而被越来越多地应用于骨科移植,表面改性是将钛及其合金应用于骨组织工程最基本的技术．作者从化学处理改性、钛表面生成钙磷陶瓷涂层改性、生物化学方法改性三个方面总结了目前钛基人工骨表面改性技术的研究现状及进展．     

Electrochemistry of thulium on inert electrodes and electrochemical formation of a Tm–Al alloy from molten chlorides

The electrochemical behaviour of TmCl₃ solutions was studied in the eutectic LiCl–KCl in the temperature range 673–823 K using inert and reactive electrodes, i.e. W and Al, respectively.On an inert electrode, Tm(III) ions are reduced to metallic thulium through two consecutive steps:

Tm(III) + 1e ↔ Tm(II) and Tm(II) + 2e ↔ Tm(0)

The electroreduction of Tm(III) to Tm(II) was found to be quasi-reversible. The intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer, k⁰, as well as of the charge transfer coefficient, α, have been calculated by simulation of the cyclic voltammograms and logarithmic analysis of the convoluted curves. Electrocrystallization of thulium plays an important role in the electrodeposition process, being the nucleation mode affected by temperature.The diffusion coefficients of Tm(III) and Tm(II) ions have been found to be equal. The validity of the Arrhenius law was verified by plotting the variation of the logarithm of the diffusion coefficients vs. 1/T.The electrode reactions of Tm(III) solutions at an Al electrode were also investigated. The results showed that for the extraction of thulium from molten chlorides, the use of a reactive electrode made of aluminium leading to Al–Tm alloys seems to be a pertinent route.Potentiometric titrations of Tm(III) solutions with oxide donors, using a ytria stabilized zirconia electrode “YSZE” as a pO²⁻ indicator electrode, have shown the formation of thulium oxychloride and thulium oxide and their corresponding solubility products have been determined at 723 K (pk_s(TmOCl) = 8.0 ± 0.3 pk_s(Tm₂O₃) = 18.8 ± 0.7).     

压力和温度对铱铑合金热等静压致密化的影响

纯铱具有较大的致密度,将铑粉与铱粉合金化可以增强铱的高温抗氧化性能。设计了5组热等静压工艺参数制备Ir-20Rh合金。通过观察热等静压后样品的金相显微组织,测量合金的硬度、计算孔隙率以及致密度,研究压力和温度条件对铱铑合金热等静压致密化的影响。结果表明,随着压力和温度的升高,Ir-20Rh合金的致密度都会有所增加,且温度对Ir-20Rh合金致密度的影响幅度大于压力对Ir-20Rh合金致密度的影响。最佳热等静压工艺参数为在1300℃、140 MPa保温2 h。     

混合方式对受控扩散凝固过共晶Al-Si合金初生硅相的影响

采用受控扩散凝固技术(CDS)制备Al-15％Si(质量分数)合金,研究混合方式对受控扩散凝固Al- 15％Si合金初生硅相尺寸、形貌和分布的影响.结果表明:受控扩散凝固可以明显细化初生硅相,改善初生硅相形貌和在组织中的分布.其中,液-液混合细化效果比固-液混合细化效果好,特别是通过液态纯铝与液态Al-25％Si合金的液-液混合受控扩散凝固制备得到的凝固组织,其初生硅相平均尺寸仅为14μm,且在组织中分布均匀.     

Temperature dependence of cyclic creep behavior of a Cu–SiO2 bicrystal with a [0 1 1] 20° twist boundary

Temperature dependence of cyclic creep behavior has been studied using a Cu bicrystal containing dispersed SiO₂ particles and a [0 1 1] 20° twist boundary. Failure occurred at shorter times with increasing temperature and stress amplitude. The fracture-mode of the bicrystals changed sharply from transgranular to intergranular at a certain critical stress amplitude. The brittle intergranular fracture that occurred below the critical stress amplitude caused discontinuous life shortening. The observed fracture-mode change at the critical stress amplitude is discussed in relation to grain-boundary sliding and grain-boundary cracking.     

SMA柔性扭转驱动器的结构设计与优化研究

设计了一种基于柔性结构的SMA扭转驱动器,通过加热SMA丝收缩带动柔性结构变形从而实现驱动器的扭转输出。柔性结构在SMA丝拉力作用下的变形情况对驱动器的转角输出有很大的影响,为获得最大的输出转角,需对柔性结构的形状和SMA丝的作用点位置进行优化设计。采用三次B样条曲线描述柔性结构的形状,通过有限元法分析柔性结构的变形,并应用遗传算法进行柔性结构的形状优化和SMA丝作用点位置优化。实际算例表明,利用优化方法可快速有效地获得使SMA柔性扭转驱动器输出转角最大的柔性结构形状与SMA丝作用点位置。     

Annealing behavior of rolled AZ31 alloy sheet

The annealed microstructures of the rolled AZ31 alloy sheets were examined by using light optical microscopy. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing, with their crystal orientations analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. After the annealing treatment, the elongated grains were transformed to equiaxed grains with uniform and homogeneous structures. The changes of microstructure decreased the yield strength and enhanced the elongation. The analysis of XRD shows that the AZ31 alloy sheet possesses intense basal-texture, which is weakened during the recrystallization while reinforced during the grain growth. The intense basal-texture induces low ductility, which hence makes the further rolling more difficult. The results indicate that the optimum annealing treatment during AZ31 alloys sheet rolling is at about 300 ℃ for 60-120 min.     

Fe60.5-xPt39.5Ndx(x≤1.5)合金的微结构和磁性能研究

用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和磁性测量等方法研究了Fe60.5-xPt39.5Ndx合金的微结构和磁性能。结果表明:稀土Nd的加入,导致Fe60.5Pt39.5合金晶格常数增大,晶粒细化;Fe60.5-xPt39.5Ndx合金的磁性能随着稀土含量和退火时间的增加而提高,当Nd含量为0.5%(原子分数)、退火时间为5h时达到最大值,然后随着Nd含量的进一步增加以及退火时间的进一步延长,合金的磁性能逐步降低。     

V,Mn和Co对AB2型贮氢电极合金Zr-Cr-Ni相结构和电化学性质的影响

研究了元素Mn ,V和Co部分替代ZrCr0 .7Ni1 .3合金中的Cr和Ni后对其相组成、晶格常数和电化学性质等方面的影响。结果表明 :母体合金由主相立方C15型Laves相和少量六方C14型Laves相和第二相Zr7Ni1 0 组成。在ZrCr0 .7-xVxNi1 .3(x =0 .1～ 0 .6)合金中 ,随着V含量的增加 ,合金主相中C15型Laves相含量逐渐减少 ,而C14型Laves相含量逐渐增多 ,而第二相Zr7Ni1 0 逐渐向Zr9Ni1 1 相转化 ,同时合金的电化学容量也迅速降低 ;当元素Mn和V同时进行替代时 ,合金ZrCr0 .7-x -yMnxVyNi1 .3(x y =0 .2～ 0 .4)的相组成不大 ,其中合金ZrCr0 .4 Mn0 .1 V0 .2 Ni1 .3放电容量最高 ( 3 11mAh·g- 1 )。元素Co对合金ZrCr0 .4 Mn0 .1 V0 .2 Ni1 .3中的Ni进行替代时 ,合金的主相中C14型Laves相显著增多 ,其中合金Zr Cr0 .4 Mn0 .1 V0 .2 Co0 .1 Ni1 .2 的电化学容量最高为 3 3 6mAh·g- 1 ,具有良好的循环稳定性和自放电率     

Ab initio calculation of the BCC Fe–Al–Mo (Iron–Aluminum–Molybdenum) phase diagram: Implications for the nature of the phase

The metastable phase diagram of the BCC-based ordering equilibria in the Fe–Al–Mo system has been calculated via a truncated cluster expansion, through the combination of Full-Potential-Linear augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) electronic structure calculations and of Cluster Variation Method (CVM) thermodynamic calculations in the irregular tetrahedron approximation. Four isothermal sections at 1750 K, 2000 K, 2250 K and 2500 K are calculated and correlated with recently published experimental data on the system. The results confirm that the critical temperature for the order–disorder equilibrium between Fe₃Al–D0₃ and FeAl–B2 is increased by Mo additions, while the critical temperature for the FeAl–B2/A2 equilibrium is kept approximately invariant with increasing Mo contents. The stabilization of the Al-rich A2 phase in equilibrium with overstoichiometric B2–(Fe,Mo)Al is also consistent with the attribution of the A2 structure to the τ₂ phase, stable at high temperatures in overstoichiometric B2–FeAl.